Planning a multifamily, commercial, or mixed-use project? Parking is one of the biggest line items — and biggest headaches — developers face. It’s expensive and often inefficient.
Traditionally, that meant building a concrete parking garage. But today’s developers have smarter options. Automated Parking Systems (APS) have evolved into a powerful, space-saving alternative — and not just one-size-fits-all.
In this post, we break down how stackers, puzzle systems (also known as combilifts), and fully automated parking systems compare to conventional garages — so you can choose the best fit for your site and ROI goals.
What Is an APS (Automated Parking System)?
APS refers to a category of mechanical parking solutions that move cars into storage positions without the need for driving, ramps, or human operation inside the structure.
But not all APS are created equal. Here's a breakdown of the main types:
Stackers
Stackers are vertical parking lifts that store cars on top of each other. Stackers are usually seen in hospitality, airport parking lots, autodealerships, car clubs and are typically valet attended. They can also be self park where tandem parking is allowed.
Double stacker: Two vehicles, one above the other
Triple stacker: Three vehicles vertically
Quad stacker: Four-car capacity — ultimate space-maximizer for high-density sites
Puzzle Systems (Combilifts)
Also known as combilifts, these semi-automated systems use both vertical and horizontal movement to "slide" cars into place. Great for sites with moderate footprint and height restrictions.
Often used in urban infill and mid-rise developments
Can double or triple capacity in the same area as conventional parking Usually used in mixed-use, multifamily, office and student housing
Fully Automated Parking Systems
These are the most advanced APS solutions — cars are parked by robotic systems using platforms, shuttles, or conveyor belts. Usually used in constrained sites and can be self park. No valet required. Development types include healthcare, retail, mixed use and luxury multifamily.
No human access inside the storage area
Most efficient in land-constrained or high-luxury projects
Offers the best integration with smart building tech
Stackers: The Budget-Conscious APS
If you’re trying to increase parking density without a full garage build, double, triple or quadruple stackers are the most cost-effective solution.
Minimal excavation
Fast installation
Ideal for lots behind buildings or garages with excess height
Can be used indoors or outdoors
They’re popular in mixed-use hospitality, airport parking lots, auto dealerships, car clubs, and are typically valet-attended.
Puzzle Systems: Flexibility + Efficiency
Puzzle systems (combilifts) are a step up from stackers. They can move cars both up/down and side-to-side, allowing for dynamic vehicle storage.
Perfect for constrained urban parcels
Modular design scales with your project
Can serve buildings with inconsistent floor plates or tight access
Fully Automated Parking Systems: The High-Tech Powerhouse
The gold standard in APS — these systems offer:
Complete automation
Enhanced security (no access inside the storage area)
Seamless app-based retrieval
Beautiful integration with modern architecture
They’re ideal for luxury developments, hospitality projects where user experience and branding matter.
Why Developers Are Making the Switch
APS options aren’t just futuristic — they make economic sense:
Reduce square footage needed per space
Cut down excavation and concrete use
Unlock design flexibility (more units, retail, or amenity space)
Streamline zoning approvals with green/innovative solutions
Speed up timelines, reducing carrying costs
For example, replacing a traditional garage with stackers or a puzzle system could reclaim thousands of square feet — enough for a gym, retail bay, or rooftop lounge.
Don’t Forget the Environmental Win
Unlike traditional garages, APS systems — especially fully automated ones — use:
Less lighting and ventilation
No exhaust emissions from circulating vehicles
Lower electricity and heat impact
APS can contribute to LEED credits and qualify for green building incentives in cities like New York, Boston, and San Francisco.
What Developers Are Saying
Ryan Schera
Development Manager, Deacon Development, LLC
"We chose Harding Autopark Systems initially because of their willingness to educate us on mechanical parking systems and to work with our design team. Their team is knowledgeable about their product. They have a quality product which provided us a cost-effective parking solution. Very responsive to their client's needs. We are happy with how the process went and the product that we received."
James Stuekerjuergen
Lend Lease Construction
"Working with Harding Autopark Systems was a collaborative experience. Their proactive approach ensured we were well coordinated between MEP systems and their suspended parking solution so that install was flawless. I look forward to working with Harding Autopark Systems again."
Which APS Is Right for You?
Best APS Option
Puzzle System (or fully automated)
Double or Triple or puzzle system
Fully or puzzle system
Stackers
Fully or puzzle system
Project Type
Tight infill lot
Budget-conscious build
Luxury development
Parking retrofit
Smart city project
Ready to Explore Your APS Options?
Whether you’re exploring stackers, combilifts, or fully automated parking systems, Harding AutoPark Systems has the experience and engineering to make your space work smarter — not harder.
Download our APS Comparison Guide
Schedule a free consultation to see what system fits your project’s footprint, timeline, and pro forma.
Let’s unlock your site’s true potential — one parking space at a time.